ESL

Units of Measure

1000 millilitres = 1 litre
1000 ml = 1 l

355 millilitres = 355 ml = 12 fl. oz. = 12 fluid ounces, sometimes called 12 oz. = 12 ounces

The 'fluid ounce' is not the same as the 'ounce' used for weight: 1 pound = 1 lb. = 16 oz. = 16 ounces

SUSHI

ESL

Units of Measure

1 foot. = 1 ft. = 1' = 12 inches = 12 in. = 12"

I am 5 foot 2 (inches tall). = 5'2"

1 inch = 2.54 cm. = 2.54 centimeters

A normal piece of paper is 11 inches long and 8 1/2 inches wide = 8.5 by 11.

ESL

Units of Measure

The abbreviation for 'kilogram' is 'kg.'

The abbreviation for 'pound' is 'lb.' (plural 'lbs.')
This is Old English, and no one knows why it is 'lb.'

1 kilogram = 2.2 pounds

I weigh 154 lbs. or 70 kg.

ESL

ROMAN NUMERALS

Roman numerals are the numbers which were used in the old Roman Empire.
They are sometimes used in English to be fancy.
A lot of times, they are used in the "Table of Contents" of books.
They are kind of confusing.
They work like this:

I =1
II =2
III =3
IV =5 - 1 = 4
V = 5
VI = 5 + 1 = 6
VII = 5 + 2 = 7
VIII = 5 + 3 = 8
IX = 10 - 1 = 9
X = 10
XI = 11
XII = 12
XIII = 13
XIV = 14
XV = 15
XVI = 16
XVII = 17
XVIII = 18
XIX = 19
XX = 20
XXX = 30
XL = 50 - 10 = 40
L = 50
LX = 60
LXX = 70
LXXX = 80
LXXXI = 81
LXXXII = 82
LXXXIII = 83
LXXXIV = 84
LXXXV = 85
XC = 100 - 10 = 90
C = 100
CI = 101
CX = 110
D = 500
M = 1000

Roman numerals are often used to show the year at the end credits of a movie:

MCM = 1990
MCMI = 1991
MCMII = 1992
MCMIII = 1993
MCMIV = 1994
MCMV = 1995
MCMVI = 1996
MCMVII = 1997
MCMVIII = 1998
MCMIX = 1999
MM = 2000
MMI = 2001
MMII = 2002
MMIII = 2003
MMIV = 2004
MMV = 2005
MMVI = 2006
MMVII = 2007
MMVIII = 2008
MMIX = 2009

This is a Canadian mailbox. Let's mail a letter, shall we?

This is leftover yen from my trip to Japan.

-

Farah Fawcett and Michael Jackson died today.

ESL

Tag Questions

It's hot, isn't it?

I'm smart, aren't I?
You're smart, aren't you?
He's smart, isn't he?
She's smart, isn't she?

We're smart, aren't we?
You're smart, aren't you?
They're smart, aren't they?

We don't say:
x I'm smart, amn't I?

University Avenue is the widest street in Toronto.

Toronto is 175 years old this year.

A garbage strike started today.

cute

かわいい

ESL

horizontal & vertical

horizontal - means a straight line that goes left and right, like the horizon

vertical - means a straight line that goes up and down

This is a closeup of the wall of a building in downtown Toronto.

ESL: "closeup" is an expression for a photo taken when the camera is very close to the subject.

This looks like a mountain, but it's really a sculpture.

ESL

Expression : "looks like" = MITAI NA

XXX looks like YYY.

This piece of art looks like a stack of quarters.

"Who let the dogs out?"

The Bank of Nova Scotia is one of the "Big 5" banks in Canada.

This is what I ate today: sushi from the Chinese store; but it is made by Japanese people.

KORE WA KYOU WATASHI GA TABETE MONO DESU.
CHUUGOKU NO MISE DE KAITE OSUSHI DESU.

ESL: "It"

It's a day off for me today. It's Saturday. It's humid and muggy today. It's about 20 degrees Celsius.


This is Roy Thomson Hall in Toronto. It's a concert hall.

Roy Thomson was a businessman from Toronto and he owned a lot of newspapers.

This is a special gate built in the old days to keep cows off the grass.